|
Approximately 18 million Americans 8.5 percent of the population ‹ meet the diagnostic
criteria for alcohol abuse or alcoholism. (Grant, 2003)
Beer is the drink of choice in most cases of heavy drinking,
binge drinking, drunk driving and underage drinking. (Rogers and Greenfield, 1999)
In 2002, an estimated 17,419 people
died in alcohol¨related traffic crashes‹an average of one every 30 minutes. These deaths constitute 41 percent of the
42,815 total traffic fatalities. (NHTSA, 2003)
Incidence of intoxication (BAC of 0.08 g/dl or greater) for drivers
in fatal crashes in 2003 was highest for motorcycle operators (29 percent) and lowest for drivers of large trucks (1 percent).
The incidence of intoxication for drivers of light trucks and passenger car drivers was the same (22 percent).û (NHTSA, 2004)
Of the general driving age public, 97 percent see drinking and driving as a threat to their personal safety, and 66
percent feel it is extremely important to do something to reduce the problem in terms of where tax dollars should be spent.û
(Gallup Organization, 2003)
About three in every ten Americans will be involved in an alcohol-related crash at some
time in their lives.û (NHTSA, 2001)
In 2001, more than half a million people were injured in crashes where police
reported that alcohol was present ‹ an average of one person injured approximately every minute. (Blincoe, Seay et al.,
2002)
The highest prevalence of both binge and heavy drinking in 2000 was for young adults aged 18 to 25, with the
peak rate occurring at age 21. (SAMHSA, 2000)
Impairment is not determined by the type of drink, but rather by the
amount of alcohol ingested over a specific period of time.û (IIHS, June 2003)
Alcohol is closely linked with violence.
About 40 percent of all crimes (violent and non-violent) are committed under the influence of alcohol.û
(Bureau of
Justice Statistics, 1998) Alcohol is society's legal, oldest and most popular drug.û (Narcotic Educational Foundation of America,
2002)
Beer is the drink most commonly consumed by people stopped for alcohol-impaired driving or involved in alcohol-related
crashes. (IIHS, 2003)
Alcohol-related fatalities are caused primarily by the consumption of beer (80 percent) followed
by liquor/wine at 20 percent. (Runge, 2002)
Those drivers 21 to 24 years old were most likely to be intoxicated (BAC
of 0.08 g/dl or greater) in fatal crashes in 2003.û Thirty-two percent of drivers 21 to 24 years old involved in fatal crashes
were intoxicated, followed by ages 25 to 34 (27 percent) and 35 to 44 (24 percent).û (NHTSA, 2004)
The impact of alcohol
involvement increases with injury severity. Alcohol-involved crashes accounted for 10 percent of property damage only crash
costs, 21 percent of nonfatal injury crashes; and 46 percent of fatal injury crash costs.û (NHTSA, 2002) *
The intoxication
rate (those over .08 BAC) for male drivers involved in fatal crashes was 25 percent, compared with 12 percent for female drivers.
(NHTSA, 2003)
The average person metabolizes alcohol at the rate of about one drink per hour. Only time will sober
a person up.ûû Drinking strong coffee, exercising or taking a cold shower will not help. (Michigan State University, 2002)
For fatal crashes occurring from midnight to 3:00 AM, 77 percent involved alcohol in 2003.û The next most dangerous
time period for alcohol-related crash deaths were 9 PM to midnight (64 percent of fatal crashes involved alcohol), followed
by 3 AM to 6 AM (60 percent of fatal crashes involved alcohol). (NHTSA, 2004)û
Drunk driving is the nation?s most
frequently committed violent crime, killing someone every 30 minutes. (NHTSA, 2003)
Those drivers over the age of
70 were least likely to be intoxicated (BAC of 0.08 g/dl or greater) in fatal crashes in 2003 ¨ only five percent were intoxicated.
(NHTSA, 2004)
The rate of alcohol involvement in fatal crashes is more than 3 times as high at night as during the
day (61 percent vs. 18 percent). For all crashes, the alcohol involvement rate is 5 times as high at night (16 percent vs.
3 percent).û (NHTSA, 2004)
The speed of alcohol absorption affects the rate at which one becomes drunk. Unlike foods,
alcohol does not have to be slowly digested.û As a person drinks faster than the alcohol can be eliminated, the Drug accumulates in the body,
resulting in higher and higher levels of alcohol in the blood. (Narcotic Education Foundation of America, 2002)
A
standard drink is defined as 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of 72-proof distilled spirits, all of which
contain the same amount of alcohol -- about .54 ounces. (NHTSA, 2002)
Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause
of death for people from 2 to 33 years old. (NHTSA, 2004)
In 2003, 30 percent of all fatal crashes during the week
were alcohol- related, compared to 53 percent on weekends. For all crashes, the alcohol involvement rate was 5 percent during
the week and 12 percent during the weekend. (NHTSA, 2004)
There is evidence that heavier drinkers prefer to drink
at bars and other person's homes, and at multiple locations requiring longer driver distances. Young drivers have been found
to prefer drinking at private parties, while older, more educated drivers prefer bars and taverns. (NHTSA, 2001)
Binge Drinking
has been defined as at least five drinks in a row for men and four drinks in a row for women. (Wechsler et al, 2002)
|
